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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the UK university. For other institutions with similar names, see <a href="List_of_open_universities" title="List of open universities">List of open universities</a>. For the general concept, see <a href="Open_university_(concept)" title="Open university (concept)">Open university (concept)</a>. For other uses of the term, see <a href="Open_university_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Open university (disambiguation)">Open university (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The Open University</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Coat of Arms of The Open University</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Learn and Live</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a>, <a href="Distance_education" title="Distance education">distance education</a> university</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1969<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1969</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a><sup id="cite_ref-OUhistory_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUhistory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><a href="Jennie_Lee%2C_Baroness_Lee_of_Asheridge" title="Jennie Lee, Baroness Lee of Asheridge">Jennie Lee</a><sup id="cite_ref-OUhistory_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUhistory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><a href="Walter_Perry" title="Walter Perry">Walter Perry</a><sup id="cite_ref-OUhistory_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUhistory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>Peter Venables<sup id="cite_ref-OUhistory_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUhistory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">£474.1 million (2019–20)<sup id="cite_ref-Finance2020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finance2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Martha_Lane_Fox" title="Martha Lane Fox">Baroness Lane-Fox of Soho</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="Vice-Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor">Vice-Chancellor</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="David_Phoenix" title="David Phoenix">David Phoenix</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">199,400 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">146,424 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-renamed100_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed100-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11,379 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-renamed100_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed100-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a>, <a href="Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United Kingdom</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Rural</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;">

</tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a><br> <a href="University_Alliance" title="University Alliance">University Alliance</a><br><a href="Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">Association of Commonwealth Universities</a><br><a href="Middle_States_Association_of_Colleges_and_Schools" title="Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools">Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools</a><br><a href="Universities_UK" title="Universities UK">Universities UK</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open.ac.uk">open<wbr>.ac<wbr>.uk</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>The Open University</b> (<b>OU</b>) is a <a href="Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> and the largest university in the <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> by <a href="List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_enrolment" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrolment">number of students</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the OU's undergraduate students are based in the United Kingdom and principally study off-<a href="Campus" title="Campus">campus</a>; many of its courses (both <a href="Undergraduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergraduate">undergraduate</a> and <a href="Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">postgraduate</a>) can also be studied anywhere in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also a number of full-time postgraduate research students based on the 45-hectare (110-acre) university campus at <a href="Walton_Hall%2C_Milton_Keynes" class="mw-redirect" title="Walton Hall, Milton Keynes">Walton Hall</a>, <a href="Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a>, <a href="Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they use the staff facilities for research, as well as more than 1,000 members of academic and research staff and over 2,500 administrative, operational and support staff.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The OU was established in 1969 and was initially based at <a href="Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a>, north London, using the television studios and editing facilities which had been vacated by the <a href="BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. The first students enrolled in January 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university administration is now based at Walton Hall, but has administration centres in other parts of the United Kingdom. It also has a presence in other European countries. The university awards undergraduate and postgraduate <a href="Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degrees</a>, as well as non-degree qualifications such as <a href="Diploma" title="Diploma">diplomas</a> and <a href="Academic_certificate" title="Academic certificate">certificates</a> or <a href="Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">continuing education</a> units. It also offers unique Open Degrees, in which students may study any combination of modules across all subjects.

</p><p>With around 200,000 students including around 34% of new undergraduates aged under 25<sup id="cite_ref-renamed101_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed101-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more than 8,599 overseas students,<sup id="cite_ref-renamed100_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed100-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is the largest academic institution in the United Kingdom (and one of the largest in Europe) by student number, and qualifies as one of the <a href="World's_largest_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="World's largest universities">world's largest universities</a>. Since it was founded, more than 2.3 million students have achieved their learning goals by studying with the Open University.<sup id="cite_ref-renamed101_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed101-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Open University is one of only two<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United Kingdom higher education institutions to gain <a href="Educational_accreditation" title="Educational accreditation">accreditation</a> in the United States by the <a href="Middle_States_Association_of_Colleges_and_Schools" title="Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools">Middle States Commission on Higher Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also produces more CEOs than any other United Kingdom university.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former United Kingdom Prime Minister <a href="Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>, astrophysicist <a href="Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell" title="Jocelyn Bell Burnell">Jocelyn Bell Burnell</a>, broadcaster <a href="Anna_Ford" title="Anna Ford">Anna Ford</a> and actress <a href="Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Glenda Jackson</a> are among those who have tutored for the OU.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The Open University was founded by the <a href="Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> government under Prime Minister <a href="Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>. Wilson was a strong advocate, using the vision of <a href="Michael_Young%2C_Baron_Young_of_Dartington" title="Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington">Michael Young</a>.

</p><p>Planning commenced in 1965, under the <a href="Secretary_of_State_for_Education_and_Skills" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Education and Skills">Minister of State for Education</a> <a href="Jennie_Lee%2C_Baroness_Lee_of_Asheridge" title="Jennie Lee, Baroness Lee of Asheridge">Jennie Lee</a>, who established a model for the OU as one of widening access to the highest standards of scholarship in higher education, and set up a planning committee consisting of university vice-chancellors, educationalists and television broadcasters, chaired by Sir Peter Venables.

</p><p>The British Broadcasting Corporation (<a href="BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>) Assistant Director of Engineering at the time <a href="James_Redmond_(broadcaster)" title="James Redmond (broadcaster)">James Redmond</a>, had obtained most of his qualifications at <a href="Night_school" title="Night school">night school</a>, and his natural enthusiasm for the project did much to overcome the technical difficulties of using television to broadcast teaching programmes.

</p>

<p>Wilson envisaged The Open University as a major marker in the Labour Party's commitment to modernising British society. He believed that it would help build a more competitive economy while also promoting greater equality of opportunity and social mobility. The planned use of television and radio to broadcast its courses was also supposed to link The Open University to the technological revolution under way, which Wilson saw as a major ally of his modernisation schemes.

</p><p>However, from the start, Lee encountered widespread scepticism and even opposition from within and beyond the Labour Party, including senior officials in the <a href="Department_for_Education" title="Department for Education">Department of Education and Science</a> (DES), her departmental head <a href="Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Anthony Crosland</a>, the Treasury, ministerial colleagues, such as <a href="Richard_Crossman" title="Richard Crossman">Richard Crossman</a> and commercial broadcasters. The Open University was realised due to Lee's unflagging determination and tenacity between 1965 and 1967, the steadfast support from Wilson, and the fact that the anticipated costs, as reported to Lee and Wilson by Arnold Goodman, seemed very modest.

</p><p>By the time the actual, much higher costs became apparent, it was too late to scrap the fledgling university.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university was granted a <a href="Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> by the <a href="Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council</a> on 23 April 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_and_administration">Organisation and administration</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staff">Staff</h3></div>

<p>The majority of staff are part-time associate lecturers and, as of the 2021–22 academic year, almost 5,000 work for the OU.<sup id="cite_ref-renamed100_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed100-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also 1,427 (mostly full-time) salaried academic employees (central academics based at Walton Hall and staff tutors based in a variety of regional locations) who are research active and responsible for the production and presentation of teaching materials, 2,502 who are academic-related and 1,905 support staff (including secretaries and technicians).<sup id="cite_ref-renamed100_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed100-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salaries are the OU's main cost—over £598 million for the 2021–22 academic year.<sup id="cite_ref-renamed100_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed100-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, <a href="The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> named OU as one of the 'Best Places to Work in the Public Sector'.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Credit_union">Credit union</h4></div>

<p>Open University Employees Credit Union is a savings and loans <a href="Co-operative" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-operative">co-operative</a> established by the university for staff in 1994. A member of the <a href="Association_of_British_Credit_Unions" title="Association of British Credit Unions">Association of British Credit Unions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is authorised by the <a href="Prudential_Regulation_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Prudential Regulation Authority (United Kingdom)">Prudential Regulation Authority</a> and regulated by the <a href="Financial_Conduct_Authority" title="Financial Conduct Authority">Financial Conduct Authority</a> and the PRA. Ultimately, like the banks and building societies, members’ savings are protected against business failure by the <a href="Financial_Services_Compensation_Scheme" title="Financial Services Compensation Scheme">Financial Services Compensation Scheme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_divisions">Academic divisions</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Faculties">Faculties</h4></div>

<p>In 2016, the university reorganised its departments and now operates with the Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences (FASS); the Faculty of Business and Law (FBL); the Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM); and the Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies (WELS). It also runs Open and Access programmes via PVC-Students, and programmes from the Institute of Educational Technology (IET) via WELS.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Open_University_Business_School_(OUBS)">Open University Business School (OUBS)</h4></div>

<p>In 1982, Open University offered a course titled, "The Effective Manager", developed by a team that was led by <a href="Charles_Handy" title="Charles Handy">Charles Handy</a>. After the reported success of the course, <a href="Derek_S._Pugh" title="Derek S. Pugh">Derek S. Pugh</a> proposed the establishment of a business school. In 1988, the Open University Business School (OUBS) was founded by the Faculty of Management department, for which professor <a href="Andrew_Thomson_(academic)" title="Andrew Thomson (academic)">Andrew Thomson</a> was appointed to head. Thomson's main goal was the offering of an MBA programme, which was eventually funded through a grant from the DES. In 1989, the first class of MBA students were enrolled.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Open University Business School is accredited by the international accrediting bodies <a href="AACSB" class="mw-redirect" title="AACSB">AACSB</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Association_of_MBAs" title="Association of MBAs">AMBA</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="EQUIS" class="mw-redirect" title="EQUIS">EQUIS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known as <a href="Triple_accreditation#UK" title="Triple accreditation">triple accreditation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some selected rankings:

</p>

<ul><li>The OU Business School's MBA programme was ranked 13th in the <i><a href="Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>’ global rankings of online and distance learning MBA providers which featured five <a href="European_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="European schools">European schools</a>, four of which were in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Ranked fifth in the Global Online MBA Rankings by CEO Magazine and 1st for UK institutions (2019).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Ranked sixth in the world for the QS Distance Online MBA Rankings (2016).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore_Institute_of_Management_Open_University_Centre">Singapore Institute of Management Open University Centre</h3></div>

<p>From 1992 to 2005, the <a href="Singapore_Institute_of_Management" title="Singapore Institute of Management">Singapore Institute of Management</a> (SIM) ran the Open University Degree Programme (OUDP), in collaboration with The Open University, United Kingdom (OUUK), which was renamed the Singapore Institute of Management's Open University Centre (SIM-OUC) as one of SIM's autonomous entity. In 2005, after SIM formed <a href="SIM_University" title="SIM University">SIM University</a> (UniSIM), it took over SIM-OUC students and granted those who graduated in 2006 a choice between a UniSIM or OUUK degree.<sup id="cite_ref-SIM-OUC_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIM-OUC-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_profile">Academic profile</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching_methods">Teaching methods</h3></div>

<p>The OU has used a variety of methods for teaching, including written and audio materials, the Internet, disc-based software and television programmes on <a href="DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>. Course-based television broadcasts by the <a href="BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, which started on 3 January 1971, ceased on 15 December 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Materials comprise originally authored work by in-house and external academic contributors, and from third-party materials licensed for use by OU students. For most modules, students are supported by tutors ("associate lecturers") who provide feedback on their work and are generally available to them at face-to-face tutorials, by telephone, and/or on the internet. A number of short courses worth ten <a href="Credit_Accumulation_and_Transfer_Scheme" title="Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme">credits</a> are now available that do not have an assigned tutor but offer an online conferencing service (<a href="Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">Internet forum</a>) where help and advice are offered through conferencing "moderators".

</p>

<p>Some modules have mandatory day schools. Nevertheless, it is possible to be excused on the basis of ill health (or other extenuating circumstances) and many courses have no mandatory face-to-face component. Similarly, some modules have traditionally offered week-long summer schools offering an opportunity for students to remove themselves from the general distractions of their life and focus on their studies for a short time.

</p><p>The university has separated residential modules from full-time distance-taught modules. Exemption from attendance at residential schools, always as an Alternative Learning Experience (ALE), is sometimes available for disabled students and others who find it impossible to attend in person (See "Qualifications-Undergraduate" section.)

</p><p>For many years the OU produced television and radio programmes aimed at bringing learning to a wider audience. In its early years, most of these were in the form of documentaries or filmed lectures. Latterly, most OU-associated programming was mainstream and broadcast in peak hours, including series such as <i><a href="Rough_Science" title="Rough Science">Rough Science</a></i> and "Battle of the Geeks", while older-style programming was carried in the <a href="BBC_Learning_Zone" title="BBC Learning Zone">BBC Learning Zone</a>.

</p><p>In 2004, the OU announced it was to stop its late-night programmes on <a href="BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a>, and the last programme was broadcast at 5.30 am on 16 December 2006. The university shifted its focus to semi-academic television programmes, such as many now broadcast on <a href="BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a>.

</p>

<p>The <a href="Quality_Assurance_Agency_for_Higher_Education" title="Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education">Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education</a> review published in December 2015 found five areas of good practice and made three recommendations for improvement.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English national survey of student satisfaction has twice put the Open University in first place.

</p><p>In October 2006, the OU joined the <a href="Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">open educational resources</a> movement with the launch of <a href="OpenLearn" title="OpenLearn">OpenLearn</a>. A growing selection of current and past distance learning course materials will be released for free access, including downloadable versions for educators to modify (under the <a href="Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> <a href="BY-NC-SA" class="mw-redirect" title="BY-NC-SA">BY-NC-SA</a> licence), plus free collaborative learning-support tools.

</p><p>In the early 2000s, the OU researched the use of virtual worlds in teaching and learning, and had two main islands in <a href="Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2009, these regions formed the basis of a case study<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Linden Lab, the company which owns Second Life.

</p><p>In mid-2010, the university led the list of contributing universities in the number of downloads of its material from the educational resources site <a href="ITunes_U" class="mw-redirect" title="ITunes U">iTunes U</a>, with downloads of over 20 million.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Open University continues to adopt <a href="Moodle" title="Moodle">Moodle</a> as the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) with their own team deploying custom plugins.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2013, the OU began a <a href="Massive_open_online_course" title="Massive open online course">massive open online course</a> (MOOC) platform called <a href="FutureLearn" title="FutureLearn">FutureLearn</a>, which is the UK's largest provider of free online courses.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessment_methods">Assessment methods</h3></div>

<p>Open University modules are often assessed using an equal weighting of examinations and coursework. The coursework component normally takes the form of between two and seven tutor-marked assignments (TMAs), and may also include up to six multiple-choice or "missing word" 10-question interactive computer-marked assignments (iCMAs). The examinable component is usually an invigilated three-hour paper regardless of the size of the module (although on some modules it can be up to three three-hour papers),<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but an increasing number of modules instead have an EMA (End of Module Assessment) which is similar to a TMA, in that it is completed at home, but is regarded as an exam for grading purposes.

</p><p>Modules results are sometimes issued on a graded basis, consisting of pass grades 1 (threshold 85%, a distinction), 2 (70–84%), 3 (55–69%) & 4 (40–54%), and fail (below 40%). This grade is calculated as the lower of the overall continuous assessment score (OCAS) and overall examination score (OES).

</p><p>These grades can be weighted<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to their level, and combined to calculate the classification of a degree. An undergraduate degree will weigh level 3 modules twice as much as level 2, and in postgraduate programmes, all M-level modules are equally weighted.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qualifications">Qualifications</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Undergraduate">Undergraduate</h4></div>

<p>Open University modules have associated with them a number of <a href="Credit_Accumulation_and_Transfer_Scheme" title="Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme">Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme</a> (CATS) credits – usually 30 or 60 – depending on the quantity of the material in the module and a level (1, 2, 3, or 4) corresponding to the complexity, with 120 credits roughly equating to the year of study for a full-time student.

</p>

<p>The OU offers a large number of undergraduate qualifications, including certificates, diplomas, and bachelor's degrees, based on both level and quantity of study. An OU <a href="Honours_graduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honours graduate">undergraduate degree</a> requires 300 (or 360 for honours) CATS credits.

</p><p>Students are generally advised not to undertake more than 60 credits per year, meaning that an undergraduate degree will take typically six years to complete. With the exception of some degrees in fast-moving areas (such as computing), there is generally no limit on the time that a student may take. Students need special permission to take more than 120 credits (equivalent to full-time study) at any time;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such permission is not usually granted.

</p><p>Originally the BA was the only undergraduate degree, and it was unnamed. The modern OU grants degrees of Bachelor of Arts (BA), Science (BSc), Laws (LLB) and Engineering (BEng); the BA and BSc may be named (following a specified syllabus) or unnamed (constructed of courses chosen by the student) degrees.

</p><p>Many OU faculties have now introduced short modules worth ten credits. Most of these modules are taught online and start at regular intervals throughout the year. They typically provide an introduction to a broader subject over a period of ten weeks, these are generally timed during vacations at conventional universities in order to take advantage of their facilities. Some science modules, which require only home study, are complemented by residential courses, in order to allow the student to gain practical laboratory experience in that field; typically, an award of a degree or diploma will require completion of both.

</p><p>Different modules are run at different times of the year, but, typically, a 30- or 60-credit undergraduate module will run from October to June, with some dual-presentation modules also running from February to October. Assessment is by both continual assessment (with, normally, between four and eight assignments during the year) and, for most, a major assignment or, on some modules, a final examination.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Open_degree">Open degree</h5></div>

<p>As well as degrees in named subjects, the Open University also grants multidisciplinary "Open" degrees. Open degrees provide students with access to a wide variety of subjects to develop a personalised curriculum to meet their vocational needs and personal interests.<sup id="cite_ref-Open_by_Degrees_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Open_by_Degrees-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Open degree may be awarded as a Bachelor of Arts Open, a Bachelor of Science Open (either with or without honours), a Master of Arts Open or a Master of Science Open.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Open degree is the most popular qualification at the university,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by BSc (Hons) Psychology; Cert of HE in Psychology; Bachelor of Laws (Hons); and BA (Hons) Business Management.<sup id="cite_ref-renamed100_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed100-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 20,000 students are enrolled on the Open degree, which makes the Open University the UK's largest multidisciplinary education provider.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2018, over 236,000 alumni have graduated with an Open degree,<sup id="cite_ref-Open_by_Degrees_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Open_by_Degrees-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2019, the Open University celebrated its 50th anniversary; as did its flagship Open Programme.<sup id="cite_ref-renamed102_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed102-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Other_qualifications">Other qualifications</h5></div>

<p>The Open University grants undergraduate <i>Certificates</i> (abbreviated Cert) typically awarded after 120 completed credits at Level 1 (where each credit corresponds to roughly 10 hours of study, therefore 120 credits represent about 1200 hours of effort), <i>Diplomas</i> (abbreviated Dip) after 240 credits – typically 120 credits at Level 1, and 120 credits at Level 2. Open University also awards <i><a href="Foundation_degree" title="Foundation degree">Foundation degrees</a></i> (abbreviated FD).

</p><p>OU also offers a limited number of <a href="CertHE" class="mw-redirect" title="CertHE">CertHE</a> (120 CATS) and <a href="DipHE" class="mw-redirect" title="DipHE">DipHE</a> (240 CATS).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postgraduate">Postgraduate</h4></div>

<p>The Open University provides the opportunity to study for a <a href="Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> on a part-time distance, or a full-time basis (on-site for science subjects and most social sciences, off-site with some supervisions on-site for arts) in a wide range of disciplines as well as an <a href="Doctorate_in_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctorate in Education">EdD</a> for professionals in education. Since 2019, the Open University has also offered a professional doctorate for healthcare workers. The university offers a range of <a href="Master's_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's</a> levels modules such as the <a href="Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a> and <a href="Master_of_Public_Administration" title="Master of Public Administration">MPA</a>, <a href="Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MSc</a>, <a href="Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a> and <a href="Master_of_Education" title="Master of Education">MEd</a>, and <a href="Master_of_Research" title="Master of Research">MRes</a>, and a number of postgraduate diplomas and certificates including innovative practice-based modules and postgraduate computing qualifications for professionals. Postgraduate certificates are awarded for 120 credits of study on specified modules; postgraduate diplomas are awarded for 240 credits of study on specified modules. The university offers "Advanced Diplomas" that involve 60 credits at the undergraduate level and 60 credits at the postgraduate level – these are designed as "bridges" between undergraduate and postgraduate study.

</p><p>Its master's degrees in the field of engineering are accredited to support registration as a <a href="Chartered_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chartered Engineer">Chartered Engineer</a>, the highest level of engineering professional registration in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Degree_ceremonies">Degree ceremonies</h3></div>

<p>Unlike most United Kingdom universities, degree ceremonies at the Open University are not <a href="Graduation" title="Graduation">graduation</a> ceremonies as such (the occasion on which degrees are <i>formally</i> conferred on those who have achieved substantive degrees)—although <a href="Honours_degree" title="Honours degree">honours degrees</a> are also normally conferred on these occasions. The Open University degree ceremony is officially known as a "Presentation of Graduates" at which those who have already had a degree bestowed on them are presented to the <a href="Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">University Chancellor</a> or his/her representative. Open University graduates normally graduate <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_absentia" class="extiw external" title="wikt:in absentia">in absentia</a></i> at a joint meeting of the university's council and senate ("congregation") which takes place at a meeting entirely separate from the degree ceremony.

</p><p>The university's degree ceremonies occur throughout the year at various prestigious auditorium venues located throughout England, as well as in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland, including London, Manchester, Birmingham, Ely, Glasgow, Cardiff, Belfast and Dublin. In the year 2018 the OU held 29 degree ceremonies in total.<sup id="cite_ref-renamed101_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed101-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These ceremonies are presided over by a senior academic at the Pro-Vice-Chancellor level or higher, and have the normal formal rituals associated with a graduation ceremony, including <a href="Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">academic dress</a>, <a href="Academic_procession" title="Academic procession">procession</a> and university <a href="Ceremonial_mace" title="Ceremonial mace">mace</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Academic_dress">Academic dress</h4></div>

<p>Academic dress for the Open University is based on the colours blue and gold (yellow). No headwear is worn at degree ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<caption>Open University academic dress

</caption>

<th>Degree

</th>

<th>Gown

</th>

<th>Hood

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>Doctor of Education

</td>

<td>Royal blue, 3-inch gold facings

</td>

<td>Full shape, gold Panama, lined light blue

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Doctor of Letters

</td>

<td>Royal blue, 5-inch gold facings

</td>

<td>Full shape, gold, lined royal blue

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Doctor of Philosophy

</td>

<td>Royal blue, 3-inch gold facings

</td>

<td>Full shape, royal blue, lined gold, edged 1-inch gold

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Doctor of Science

</td>

<td>Royal blue, 5-inch gold facings

</td>

<td>Full shape, gold, lined light blue

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Master of Philosophy

</td>

<td>Light blue

</td>

<td>Full shape, light blue, edged gold

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Master of Research

</td>

<td>Light blue

</td>

<td>Simple shape, royal blue, faced 3-inch golf

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Master of Science

</td>

<td>Light blue

</td>

<td>Full shape, dark blue, lined gold, edged 1/2-inch gold  

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Master of Arts

</td>

<td>Light blue

</td>

<td>Full shape, dark blue, lined gold, edged 1/2-inch gold  

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Master of Business Administration

</td>

<td>Light blue

</td>

<td>Full shape, dark blue, lined gold with a blue edge, edged 1-inch gold

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Master of Education

</td>

<td>Light blue

</td>

<td>Full shape, dark blue, lined gold with a 1-inch white edge on a cowl, edged 3/8-inch gold on cape

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Master of Engineering

<p>Master of Mathematics

</p>

</td>

<td>Light blue

</td>

<td>Full shape, gold, faced 3-inch inside light blue

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Bachelor of Arts

<p>Bachelor of Science

</p><p>Bachelor of Engineering

</p><p>Bachelor of Laws

</p>

</td>

<td>Dark blue

</td>

<td>Simple shape, light blue, faced 3-inch gold

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Foundation degree

</td>

<td>Dark blue

</td>

<td>Simple shape, light blue, faced 3-inch dark blue

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>In 2000, the Open University was the first to host an online virtual graduation ceremony in the United Kingdom together with an audience at the OU's campus in Milton Keynes. Twenty-six students from eight countries were bestowed their master's degrees in an online graduation ceremony, including, from the <a href="Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT), <a href="Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>, one of the founders of the <a href="World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, who was conferred an <a href="Honorary_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorate">honorary doctorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn"><a href="College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">University rankings</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;">Global – Overall</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-shanghairanking_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shanghairanking-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">601-700 (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">601-800 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">USNWR</a></i> Global<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">718 (2021)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2">

</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;">Regional – Overall</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">USNWR</a></i> Europe<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">308 (2022)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2">

</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;">National – Overall</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></i> National<sup id="cite_ref-shanghairanking_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shanghairanking-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">42-49 (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="College_and_university_rankings#Center_for_World_University_Rankings" title="College and university rankings">CWUR</a></i> National<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">51 (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">USNWR</a></i> National<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">51 (2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="Teaching_Excellence_Framework" title="Teaching Excellence Framework">TEF</a></i> England<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">Gold (2023)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2">

</th></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings">Rankings</h3></div>

<p>The university is included in major world university rankings such as <a href="Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a>, <a href="U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> and <a href="Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a>.

</p><p>The OU ranked in the top third of UK universities in the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 using the Times Higher Education Power Score.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Open University ranked third in <a href="National_Student_Survey" title="National Student Survey">National Student Survey</a> 2021 achieving 88.24% for overall student satisfaction.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3></div>

<p>Like other UK universities, the OU actively engages in research. The OU's Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute has become particularly well known to the public through its involvement in space missions. In October 2006, the Cassini-Huygens mission including 15 people from the OU received the 2006 "Laurels for Team Achievement Award" from the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA). Cassini-Huygens' successful completion of its seven-year, two billion-mile journey in January 2005 to <a href="Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> ended with Huygens landing farther away from Earth than any previous probe or craft in the history of space exploration. The first instrument to touch Saturn's moon Titan was the <i>Surface Science Package</i> containing nine sensors to investigate the physical properties of Titan's surface. It was built by a team at the OU led by <a href="Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a> <a href="John_Zarnecki" title="John Zarnecki">John Zarnecki</a>.

</p><p>The OU employs over 500 people engaged in research in over 25 areas, and there are over 1,200 research students. It spends approximately £20 million each year on research, around £6 million from the <a href="Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_England" title="Higher Education Funding Council for England">Higher Education Funding Council for England</a>, and the remainder from external funders.

</p><p>The Open University also runs the <a href="Open_Research_Online" title="Open Research Online">Open Research Online</a> (ORO) website. ORO is a collection of over 40,000 open-access research outputs across a broad range of research areas.<sup id="cite_ref-oro_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oro-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Open University produced in collaboration with <a href="Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a> the <a href="Computer_Science_Ontology" title="Computer Science Ontology">Computer Science Ontology</a>, which is a large-scale automatically generated <a href="Taxonomy_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomy (general)">taxonomy</a> of research topics in the field of <a href="Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OpenScience_Observatories">OpenScience Observatories</h3></div>

<p>The university operates a collection of telescopes and other instruments at the <a href="Teide_Observatory" title="Teide Observatory">Observatorio del Teide</a>, Tenerife. Its facilities comprise the COmpletely Autonomous Service Telescope (COAST), the Physics Innovations Robotic Telescope Explorer (PIRATE) and an associated weather station.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Students">Students</h2></div>

<p>In the 2021/22 academic year, there were 208,308 enrolled students.<sup id="cite_ref-renamed100_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed100-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3></div>

<p>In 2019/20, 99,834 students were from England, 14,903 were from Scotland, 6,668 from Wales, 3,667 from Northern Ireland and 4,900 from the <a href="European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, with others elsewhere. 60% of undergraduates were female, with 53% of those taking postgraduate modules being male.<sup id="cite_ref-Facts_and_Figures_2015_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Facts_and_Figures_2015-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>According to <i>The Guardian</i>, a cross-sector fall in the number of part-time students was accelerated in 2012 when tuition fees rose and there was limited financial support for part-time students. The Open University saw a 30% drop in part-time students between 2010/11 and 2015/16.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enrollment numbers show a tremendous difference from 2009/10 to 2016/17.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>While most of those studying are <a href="Mature_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Mature student">mature students</a>, an increasingly large proportion of new undergraduates are aged between 17 and 25, to the extent that in 2010/11 the OU had more students in this age range than any other UK university.<sup id="cite_ref-studentsMay11_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-studentsMay11-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2003/04 <a href="Academic_year" title="Academic year">academic year</a> around 20% of new undergraduates were under 25,<sup id="cite_ref-bbcAug05_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcAug05-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up from 12.5% in 1996/97<sup id="cite_ref-bbcAug05_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcAug05-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the year before <a href="Top-up_fees" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-up fees">top-up fees</a> were announced). In 2010, approximately 55% of those under 25 were in full-time employment.<sup id="cite_ref-aug2010stats_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aug2010stats-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 29,000 undergraduates were in this age range.<sup id="cite_ref-aug2010stats_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aug2010stats-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2011, 32,000 undergraduates were under 25 years old,<sup id="cite_ref-studentsMay11_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-studentsMay11-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> representing around 25% of all new students.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of students in the 2015/16 academic year were aged between 25 and 34 years old, with the <a href="Median" title="Median">median</a> age of new undergraduates being 28.<sup id="cite_ref-Facts_and_Figures_2015_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Facts_and_Figures_2015-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As of 2014, the OU's youngest graduate was a fifteen-year-old boy from Wales who gained a BSc with First Class Honours in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The OU works with some schools to introduce <a href="Advanced_Level_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Level (UK)">A-Level</a> students to OU study and in 2009/10 3% of undergraduates were under 18 years old.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courses">Courses</h3></div>

<p>Unlike other universities, where students register for a programme, OU students register separately for individual modules (which may be 30 or 60 <a href="Credit_Accumulation_and_Transfer_Scheme" title="Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme">CATS</a> credits (and formerly available in 10, 15, or 20 credits), equivalent to 15 or 30 <a href="European_Credit_Transfer_and_Accumulation_System" title="European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System">ECTS</a> credits). These modules may then be linked to degree programmes.

</p><p>During the 2009/10 academic year, <a href="Social_studies" title="Social studies">social studies</a> was the most popular study area (with 16,381 full-time equivalent students), followed by <a href="Biological_and_physical_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological and physical sciences">biological and physical sciences</a> (12,357) and <a href="History" title="History">historical</a> and <a href="Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophical</a> studies (8,686); student numbers even on smaller undergraduate programmes, such as <a href="Creative_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative arts">creative arts</a> and <a href="Design" title="Design">design</a><sup id="cite_ref-facts0910_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts0910-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are still significant (2,528) as are postgraduate registrations on programmes such as <a href="Mass_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass communications">mass communications</a> and <a href="Documentation" title="Documentation">documentation</a> (123 full-time equivalent students).

</p><p>The most popular module during 2009/10 was <i>DD101 An introduction to the social sciences</i> (7,512 students), followed by <i>AA100 The Arts Past and Present</i>, <i>B120 An Introduction to Business Studies</i>, <i>K101 An Introduction to Health and Social Care</i> and <i>Y163 Starting with Psychology</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-facts0910_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts0910-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fees_and_financial_assistance">Fees and financial assistance</h3></div>

<p>17,634 students received financial assistance for their studies in 2015/16.<sup id="cite_ref-Facts_and_Figures_2015_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Facts_and_Figures_2015-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The typical cost for United Kingdom-based students of a Bachelor's <a href="Honours_degree" title="Honours degree">honours degree</a> at the OU was between £3,780 and £5,130 in 2009/10. <a href="Timeline_of_tuition_fees_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom">From September 2012 the Government reduced its funding for all students residing in England</a> and fees went up to compensate. English students pay higher fees than those living in the rest of the United Kingdom. The average cost of one full-time year or 120 credits rose to £6,336 in 2021, bringing the cost of an average Bachelor's <a href="Honours_degree" title="Honours degree">honours degree</a> for an English student to £19,008. (<a href="European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and international students pay more as the university does not receive government funding for them).<sup id="cite_ref-facts0910_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts0910-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most important revenue stream to the Open University is now academic fees paid by the students, which totalled about £157 million in 2009/10 and £248 million in 2015/16.<sup id="cite_ref-facts0910_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts0910-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Facts_and_Figures_2015_65-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Facts_and_Figures_2015-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qualifications_awarded">Qualifications awarded</h3></div>

<p>The university enrolled fewer than 50,000 students in the 1970/71 academic year, but it quickly exceeded that number by 1974/75.<sup id="cite_ref-facts0910_74-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts0910-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1987/88, yearly enrolment had doubled to 100,000 students, passing 200,000 by 2001/02 and 250,000 in 2009/10.<sup id="cite_ref-facts0910_74-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts0910-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numbers fell when the fee regime changed.

</p><p>Cumulatively, by the end of 2009/10, the OU had educated more than 1.5 million students and awarded 819,564 qualifications after successful assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-facts0910_74-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts0910-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In addition, the Open University provides certification for qualifications at <a href="Ruskin_College" title="Ruskin College">Ruskin College</a> in Oxford and <a href="Richmond%2C_The_American_International_University_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, The American International University in London">Richmond, the American International University in London</a>, a private liberal arts institution. (Until 2008, it provided the same service for the <a href="University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">University of the Highlands and Islands</a> in Scotland).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_University_Students_Association">Open University Students Association</h3></div>

<p>The Open University Students Association is the <a href="Students'_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Students' Union">Students' Union</a> for Open University students and is a registered charity wholly funded by the Open University (OU). The Association is governed by a Board of Trustees, made up of internal student and external members, and a Student Leadership Team who are elected on a bi-yearly basis. The current team run from 2022 to 2024. Each student registered with the OU automatically becomes part of the Students Association unless they elect to formally opt out. It offers opportunities to meet up, volunteer, find information and access services to support learning along with a range of student clubs and societies typical of those found in other UK Universities.

</p><p>The current President is Natalie Baker and Deputy President is Andrew Wilson.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_current_and_former_academics">Notable current and former academics</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell" title="Jocelyn Bell Burnell">Jocelyn Bell Burnell</a> led the physics department at the OU for 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Robin_Wilson_(mathematician)" title="Robin Wilson (mathematician)">Robin Wilson</a> is an emeritus professor in the Department of Mathematics.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Colin_Pillinger" title="Colin Pillinger">Colin Pillinger</a> was a founding member of the Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute at OU.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Brian_Goodwin" title="Brian Goodwin">Brian Goodwin</a> worked as a professor of biology at the OU until his retirement in 1992.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)" title="Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)">Stuart Hall</a> was a professor of sociology at the OU for 18 years until his retirement in 1997.</div>

</li>

</ul>

<ul><li><a href="Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell" title="Jocelyn Bell Burnell">Jocelyn Bell Burnell</a> – astronomer</li>

<li><a href="Tim_Benton" title="Tim Benton">Tim Benton</a> – art historian</li>

<li><a href="Andrew_Blowers_(academic)" title="Andrew Blowers (academic)">Andrew Blowers</a> – geographer</li>

<li><a href="Neil_Chalmers" title="Neil Chalmers">Neil Chalmers</a> – zoologist</li>

<li><a href="Catherine_Cooke" title="Catherine Cooke">Catherine Cooke</a> – architectural historian</li>

<li><a href="Nigel_Cross" title="Nigel Cross">Nigel Cross</a> – design researcher</li>

<li><a href="Katharine_Ellis" title="Katharine Ellis">Katharine Ellis</a> – music historian</li>

<li><a href="Dimitra_Fimi" title="Dimitra Fimi">Dimitra Fimi</a> – Tolkien scholar</li>

<li><a href="Monica_Grady" title="Monica Grady">Monica Grady</a> – meteoricist</li>

<li><a href="Brian_Goodwin" title="Brian Goodwin">Brian Goodwin</a> – biologist</li>

<li><a href="David_Gow_(composer)" title="David Gow (composer)">David Gow</a> – composer</li>

<li><a href="Norman_Gowar" title="Norman Gowar">Norman Gowar</a> – mathematician</li>

<li><a href="Oswald_Hanfling" title="Oswald Hanfling">Oswald Hanfling</a> – philosopher</li>

<li><a href="Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)" title="Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)">Stuart Hall</a> – social scientist</li>

<li><a href="Christopher_Hill_(historian)" title="Christopher Hill (historian)">Christopher Hill</a> – historian</li>

<li><a href="Arthur_Marwick" title="Arthur Marwick">Arthur Marwick</a> – historian</li>

<li><a href="Doreen_Massey_(geographer)" title="Doreen Massey (geographer)">Doreen Massey</a> – geographer</li>

<li><a href="Bob_Moon_(scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Moon (scholar)">Bob Moon</a> – educationist</li>

<li><a href="John_Naughton" title="John Naughton">John Naughton</a> – technologist</li>

<li><a href="Oliver_Penrose" title="Oliver Penrose">Oliver Penrose</a> – mathematician</li>

<li><a href="Mike_Pentz" title="Mike Pentz">Mike Pentz</a> – physicist</li>

<li><a href="Colin_Pillinger" title="Colin Pillinger">Colin Pillinger</a> – planetary scientist</li>

<li><a href="Steven_Rose" title="Steven Rose">Steven Rose</a> – biologist</li>

<li><a href="David_Gordon_Scott" title="David Gordon Scott">David Gordon Scott</a> - criminologist</li>

<li><a href="Russell_Stannard" title="Russell Stannard">Russell Stannard</a> – physicist</li>

<li><a href="Hilary_Wainwright" title="Hilary Wainwright">Hilary Wainwright</a> – sociologist</li>

<li><a href="Nigel_Warburton" title="Nigel Warburton">Nigel Warburton</a> – philosopher</li>

<li><a href="Clare_Warren" title="Clare Warren">Clare Warren</a> – geologist</li>

<li><a href="Margaret_Wetherell" title="Margaret Wetherell">Margaret Wetherell</a> – social psychologist</li>

<li><a href="Glenn_White" title="Glenn White">Glenn White</a> – astronomer</li>

<li><a href="Robin_Wilson_(mathematician)" title="Robin Wilson (mathematician)">Robin Wilson</a> – mathematician</li>

<li><a href="John_Zarnecki" title="John Zarnecki">John Zarnecki</a> – space scientist</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_alumni,_graduates_and_honorees">Notable alumni, graduates and honorees</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="List_of_Open_University_people" title="List of Open University people">List of Open University people</a>.</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graduates_and_alumni">Graduates and alumni</h3></div>

<div class="gallerytext">Former <a href="Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> and Minister <a href="John_Reid%2C_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">Lord Reid</a> is an Open University alumnus.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">While acting in London, <a href="Talulah_Riley" title="Talulah Riley">Talulah Riley</a> received a degree in Natural Sciences from the OU.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles Zenawi</a> – former <a href="President_of_Ethiopia" title="President of Ethiopia">President</a> and <a href="Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister of Ethiopia</a>. Meles acquired an MBA from the OU in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Natalya_Kaspersky" title="Natalya Kaspersky">Natalya Kaspersky</a> earned a bachelor's degree from OU.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Sir <a href="Lenny_Henry" title="Lenny Henry">Lenny Henry</a> graduated with a BA Hons in English Literature, from the OU.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Marat_Khusnullin" title="Marat Khusnullin">Marat Khusnullin</a> – <a href="Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Russia">Deputy Prime Minister of Russia</a> graduated from the OU with a degree in management.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Chris_Whitty" title="Chris Whitty">Chris Whitty</a>, <a href="Chief_Medical_Officers_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief Medical Officers (United Kingdom)">Chief Medical Officer for England</a>, completed a graduate diploma in economics at the Open University.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="John_McFall%2C_Baron_McFall_of_Alcluith" title="John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith">Lord McFall</a> obtained a BA from the Open University in Education and Philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Romola_Garai" title="Romola Garai">Romola Garai</a> obtained a degree in English literature from the Open University.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

</ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_graduates">Honorary graduates</h3></div>

<div class="gallerytext">Former UK Prime Minister and OU tutor <a href="Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> received an honorary doctorate from the Open University.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Honorary graduate and OU supporter Sir <a href="David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> – inventor of the <a href="World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> and recipient of OU honorary doctorate.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a> (then Prince Charles) received an Honorary Degree from the OU in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Brian_Cox_(physicist)" title="Brian Cox (physicist)">Brian Cox</a> was awarded an honorary doctorate by the OU.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">In 2013 the Open University honoured <a href="Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a> with an honorary doctorate.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a> holds an honorary doctorate from the Open University.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

</ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2></div>

<p>As of 2023, the Open University has twice won the BBC's <a href="University_Challenge" title="University Challenge">University Challenge</a> quiz, in 1984 and 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2></div>

<p>The Open University has been featured in many films and television programmes. The plot of <i><a href="Educating_Rita" title="Educating Rita">Educating Rita</a></i> surrounds the working-class titular character aiming to "improve" herself by studying English literature. She attends private tutorials run by alcoholic lecturer Frank.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Television characters have also followed OU courses. These include Anne Bryce in the <a href="BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> sit-com <i><a href="Ever_Decreasing_Circles" title="Ever Decreasing Circles">Ever Decreasing Circles</a></i>, <a href="Yvonne_Sparrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Yvonne Sparrow">Yvonne Sparrow</a> in <i><a href="Goodnight_Sweetheart_(TV_series)" title="Goodnight Sweetheart (TV series)">Goodnight Sweetheart</a></i>, and <a href="George_Bulman_(fictional_character)" title="George Bulman (fictional character)">George Bulman</a> in <i><a href="Bulman" title="Bulman">Bulman</a></i>, the <a href="ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> spin-off from the series <i><a href="Strangers_(1978_TV_series)" title="Strangers (1978 TV series)">Strangers</a></i>. <a href="Sheila_Grant" title="Sheila Grant">Sheila Grant</a> (<a href="Sue_Johnston" title="Sue Johnston">Sue Johnston</a>) was accused of having an affair with her tutor in <i><a href="Brookside_(TV_series)" title="Brookside (TV series)">Brookside</a></i>. <a href="Onslow_(Keeping_Up_Appearances)" class="mw-redirect" title="Onslow (Keeping Up Appearances)">Onslow</a>, a character from <i><a href="Keeping_up_Appearances" class="mw-redirect" title="Keeping up Appearances">Keeping up Appearances</a></i>, watches Open University programming on television from time to time.

</p><p>In autumn 2006, <a href="Lenny_Henry" title="Lenny Henry">Lenny Henry</a> was a star in <i>Slings and Arrows</i>, a one-off <a href="BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> television drama which he also wrote, about someone who falls in love while on an OU English Literature course. (Henry has himself completed an OU degree in English.)<sup id="cite_ref-LennyHenry_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LennyHenry-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the 2006/07 TV series <i><a href="Life_on_Mars_(UK_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Life on Mars (UK TV series)">Life on Mars</a></i>, <a href="Sam_Tyler" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Tyler">Sam Tyler</a> received messages from the real world via Open University programmes late at night.

</p><p>Dorian Green from <i><a href="Birds_of_a_Feather_(TV_series)" title="Birds of a Feather (TV series)">Birds of a Feather</a></i> announced she had been accepted by the Open University to do a degree in psychology and began studying with the university in series 3.

</p><p>In the 2014 <a href="Booker_Prize" title="Booker Prize">Booker Prize</a> long-listed novel <i><a href="The_Bone_Clocks" title="The Bone Clocks">The Bone Clocks</a></i> by <a href="David_Mitchell_(author)" title="David Mitchell (author)">David Mitchell (author)</a>, the protagonist Holly Sykes is referenced studying psychology at the Open University.

</p><p>In the 2016 novel <i><a href="Swing_Time_(novel)" title="Swing Time (novel)">Swing Time</a></i> by <a href="Zadie_Smith" title="Zadie Smith">Zadie Smith</a>, the narrator's mother is a student at the Open University.

</p><p>In the TV series <i><a href="Bottom_(TV_series)" title="Bottom (TV series)">Bottom</a></i>, specifically the episode <i><a href="Accident_(Bottom)" title="Accident (Bottom)">Accident</a></i>, <a href="Adrian_Edmondson" title="Adrian Edmondson">Eddie</a>, <a href="Steven_O'Donnell_(British_actor)" title="Steven O'Donnell (British actor)">Spudgun</a>, and <a href="Christopher_Ryan" title="Christopher Ryan">Dave Hedgehog</a> watch TV while playing hide-and-seek with <a href="Rik_Mayall" title="Rik Mayall">Ritchie</a>. They fall asleep, leaving Ritchie in a cupboard until they finally awaken to an OU lecture on 'Medieval population distribution patterns in <a href="Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>'.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armed_Forces">Armed Forces</h3></div>

<p>Through an agreement between the Ministry of Defence and the OU going back to the early 1970s, a wide range of courses is available to members of the British armed forces, with course materials supplied via the student's <a href="BFPO" class="mw-redirect" title="BFPO">BFPO</a> address. OU study centres have been established in Cyprus and Germany. Many have studied while on active service, even in conflict situations.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partner_institutions">Partner institutions</h3></div>

<p>The Open University has a diverse network of partners across the globe. Once approved, partner institutions offer Open University validated awards, granted under the university's royal charter. As of October 2021, the Open University has over 40 international partners, including for example <a href="Union_School_of_Theology" title="Union School of Theology">Union School of Theology</a>, <a href="Regent's_University_London" title="Regent's University London">Regent's University London</a>, <a href="York_College_(York)" title="York College (York)">York College</a>, <a href="Belfast_Metropolitan_College" title="Belfast Metropolitan College">Belfast Metropolitan College</a>, <a href="American_College_of_Greece" title="American College of Greece">American College of Greece</a>, <a href="Leeds_City_College" title="Leeds City College">Leeds City College</a> and <a href="Ruskin_College" title="Ruskin College">Ruskin College Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doctoral_training_partnerships">Doctoral training partnerships</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Grand_Union">The Grand Union</h4></div>

<p>The Grand Union is an ESRC Doctoral Training Partnership uniting The Open University, the <a href="University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> and <a href="Brunel_University_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunel University London">Brunel University London</a>. The partnership is committed to a student-centred approach to training researchers, increasing access to postgraduate study, and advancing disciplinary and interdisciplinary research.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Open-Oxford-Cambridge_AHRC_Doctoral_Training">Open-Oxford-Cambridge AHRC Doctoral Training</h4></div>

<p>Open-Oxford-Cambridge AHRC Doctoral Training Partnership is a consortium of the Open University, <a href="University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> and <a href="University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> providing funding and training for doctoral students in the arts and humanities.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Imperial-Cambridge-Open_Centre_for_Doctoral_Training">Imperial-Cambridge-Open Centre for Doctoral Training</h4></div>

<p>From 2014 to 2022, the Open University is working with <a href="Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a> and the <a href="University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> to establish a new <a href="Engineering_and_Physical_Sciences_Research_Council" title="Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council">EPSRC</a>-funded Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) to develop skills in civil nuclear energy for global markets.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Open University

</caption>

</td>

<dl><dt>Crest</dt>

<dd>On a Wreath Or and Azure, between two branches of laurel Or the leaves fimbriated Gules a round based escutcheon Azure round pierced in the Canton.</dd>

<dt>Escutcheon</dt>

<dd>Azure, an open book Proper bound Gules and irradiated Or and on a Chief also Or two wreaths of laurel fructed Proper.</dd>

<dt>Supporters</dt>

<dd>On either side a lion rampant Or supporting a sapling leaved and fructed Proper.</dd>

<dt>Motto</dt>

<dd>'Learn and Live'</dd></dl>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="Armorial_of_UK_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of UK universities">Armorial of UK universities</a></li>

<li><a href="Futurelearn" class="mw-redirect" title="Futurelearn">Futurelearn</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenLearn" title="OpenLearn">OpenLearn</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_College_of_the_Arts" title="Open College of the Arts">Open College of the Arts</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Open University Press">Open University Press</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Open_University_Alumni" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Open University Alumni">List of Open University Alumni</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">List of universities in the United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Hagen" title="University of Hagen">University of Hagen</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The other is <a href="Richmond%2C_The_American_International_University_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, The American International University in London">Richmond, The American International University in London</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A 60-credit Accounting course has a three-hour paper halfway through the course, and two more three-hour papers at the end</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www5.open.ac.uk/foi/main/sites/www.open.ac.uk.foi.main/files/files/Financial_Report_2023_FINAL_Online.pdf">he Open University Financial Statements 2023</a>. <i>The Open University</i>. 31 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIson2001" class="citation cs2">Ison, Ray L. (2001), Ragsdell, Gillian; Wilby, Jennifer (eds.), <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1313-1_7">"Systems Practice at the United Kingdom's Open University"</a></span>, <i>Understanding Complexity</i>, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. <span class="nowrap">45–</span>53, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4615-1313-1_7">10.1007/978-1-4615-1313-1_7</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4615-1313-1</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2021</span></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/7476/pdf/">"Adult Skills and Lifelong Learning Inquiry"</a>. <i>UK Parliament</i>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Dorey, Pete. "‘Well, Harold Insists on Having It!’—The Political Struggle to Establish The Open University, 1965–67." <i>Contemporary British History</i> 29#2 (2015): 241–272.</li>

<li><a href="Walter_Perry" title="Walter Perry">Perry, Walter</a>. "The Open University" <i><a href="Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Institution_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain">Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain</a></i>. (1971), Vol. 44 Issue 203, pp 95–112.</li>

<li><a href="Purvis%2C_June" class="mw-redirect" title="Purvis, June">Purvis, June</a>. "Some problems of teaching and learning within the Open University." <i>Educational Research</i> 21#3 (1979): 163–177.</li>

<li>Tunstall, Jeremy. <i>The Open University Opens</i> (1974).</li>

<li>Dalgleish, Tim. <i>Lifting It Off The Page: An Oral Portrait of OU People</i> 1995, The Open University.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Open_University" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Open University">Open University</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open.ac.uk/">Official website</a></span></span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oustudents.com">Open University Students Association</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/relationships/collections1/parliament-and-the-1960s/jennie-lee/">Parliament & the Sixties – Jennie Lee & The University of the Air – UK Parliament Living Heritage</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A592490">H2G2 Open University Information</a> at <a href="BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open.edu/openlearn/">OpenLearn</a> online learning from the Open University</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PE-I2L_GvrU">Video clip of BBC Open University programme circa 1982</a></li></ul>

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</style><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:52.025,-0.7055555555555555"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°01′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°42′20″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.02500°N 0.70556°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.02500; -0.70556</span></span></span></a></span></span>

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</style><div id="Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom652" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universities in the United Kingdom">Universities in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_universities_in_England" title="List of universities in England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Bedfordshire" title="University of Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Cranfield_University" title="Cranfield University">Cranfield</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">East Anglia</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Essex" title="University of Essex">Essex</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Hertfordshire" title="University of Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li>

<li><a href="Norwich_University_of_the_Arts" title="Norwich University of the Arts">Norwich University of the Arts</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Suffolk" title="University of Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_universities_and_higher_education_colleges_in_London" title="List of universities and higher education colleges in London">London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="University_of_London" title="University of London">University <br> of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Birkbeck%2C_University_of_London" title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck</a></li>

<li><a href="Brunel_University_of_London" title="Brunel University of London">Brunel</a></li>

<li><a href="City_St_George's%2C_University_of_London" title="City St George's, University of London">City St George's</a></li>

<li><a href="Courtauld_Institute_of_Art" title="Courtauld Institute of Art">Courtauld</a></li>

<li><a href="Goldsmiths%2C_University_of_London" title="Goldsmiths, University of London">Goldsmiths</a></li>

<li><a href="Institute_of_Cancer_Research" title="Institute of Cancer Research">Institute of Cancer Research</a></li>

<li><a href="London_Business_School" title="London Business School">London Business School</a></li>

<li><a href="London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">LSHTM</a></li>

<li><a href="Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Royal Central</a></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Holloway%2C_University_of_London" title="Royal Holloway, University of London">Royal Holloway</a></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Veterinary_College" title="Royal Veterinary College">Royal Veterinary College</a></li>

<li><a href="School_of_Advanced_Study" title="School of Advanced Study">School of Advanced Study</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="University_of_East_London" title="University of East London">East London</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Greenwich" title="University of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li>

<li><a href="Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial</a></li>

<li><a href="Kingston_University" title="Kingston University">Kingston</a></li>

<li><a href="London_Metropolitan_University" title="London Metropolitan University">London Met</a></li>

<li><a href="London_South_Bank_University" title="London South Bank University">London South Bank</a></li>

<li><a href="Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex</a></li>

<li><a href="Northeastern_University_%E2%80%93_London" title="Northeastern University – London">Northeastern</a></li>

<li><a href="Ravensbourne_University_London" title="Ravensbourne University London">Ravensbourne</a></li>

<li><a href="Regent's_University_London" title="Regent's University London">Regent's</a></li>

<li><a href="Richmond_American_University_London" title="Richmond American University London">Richmond</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Roehampton" title="University of Roehampton">Roehampton</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_the_Arts_London" title="University of the Arts London">Arts London</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster">Westminster</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_West_London" title="University of West London">West London</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Midlands" title="Midlands">Midlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li>

<li><a href="Birmingham_City_University" title="Birmingham City University">Birmingham City</a></li>

<li><a href="Birmingham_Newman_University" title="Birmingham Newman University">Birmingham Newman</a></li>

<li><a href="Bishop_Grosseteste_University" title="Bishop Grosseteste University">Bishop Grosseteste</a></li>

<li><a href="Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry</a></li>

<li><a href="De_Montfort_University" title="De Montfort University">De Montfort</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Derby" title="University of Derby">Derby</a></li>

<li><a href="Harper_Adams_University" title="Harper Adams University">Harper Adams</a></li>

<li><a href="Keele_University" title="Keele University">Keele</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">Leicester</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li>

<li><a href="Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Northampton" title="University of Northampton">Northampton</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li>

<li><a href="Nottingham_Trent_University" title="Nottingham Trent University">Nottingham Trent</a></li>

<li><a href="Staffordshire_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Staffordshire University">Staffordshire</a></li>

<li><a href="University_College_Birmingham" title="University College Birmingham">University College Birmingham</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Wolverhampton" title="University of Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Worcester" title="University of Worcester">Worcester</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">Bradford</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Chester" title="University of Chester">Chester</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Cumbria" title="University of Cumbria">Cumbria</a></li>

<li><a href="Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Greater_Manchester" title="University of Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Huddersfield" title="University of Huddersfield">Huddersfield</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Lancashire" title="University of Lancashire">Lancashire</a></li>

<li><a href="Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li>

<li><a href="Leeds_Arts_University" title="Leeds Arts University">Leeds Arts</a></li>

<li><a href="Leeds_Beckett_University" title="Leeds Beckett University">Leeds Beckett</a></li>

<li><a href="Leeds_Trinity_University" title="Leeds Trinity University">Leeds Trinity</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li>

<li><a href="Liverpool_Hope_University" title="Liverpool Hope University">Liverpool Hope</a></li>

<li><a href="Liverpool_John_Moores_University" title="Liverpool John Moores University">Liverpool John Moores</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">Manchester</a></li>

<li><a href="Manchester_Metropolitan_University" title="Manchester Metropolitan University">Manchester Metropolitan</a></li>

<li><a href="Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li>

<li><a href="Northumbria_University" title="Northumbria University">Northumbria</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Salford" title="University of Salford">Salford</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li>

<li><a href="Sheffield_Hallam_University" title="Sheffield Hallam University">Sheffield Hallam</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Sunderland" title="University of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li>

<li><a href="Teesside_University" title="Teesside University">Teesside</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arts_University_Bournemouth" title="Arts University Bournemouth">Arts University Bournemouth</a></li>

<li><a href="Bournemouth_University" title="Bournemouth University">Bournemouth</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">Brighton</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">Bristol</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Buckingham" title="University of Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li>

<li><a href="Buckinghamshire_New_University" title="Buckinghamshire New University">Buckinghamshire New</a></li>

<li><a href="Canterbury_Christ_Church_University" title="Canterbury Christ Church University">Canterbury Christ Church</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Chichester" title="University of Chichester">Chichester</a></li>

<li><a href="University_for_the_Creative_Arts" title="University for the Creative Arts">Creative Arts</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></li>

<li><a href="Falmouth_University" title="Falmouth University">Falmouth</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Gloucestershire" title="University of Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li>

<li><a href="Hartpury_University_and_Hartpury_College" title="Hartpury University and Hartpury College">Hartpury</a></li>

<li>Health Sciences</li>

<li><a href="University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxford_Brookes_University" title="Oxford Brookes University">Oxford Brookes</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Plymouth" title="University of Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li>

<li><a href="Plymouth_Marjon_University" title="Plymouth Marjon University">Plymouth Marjon</a></li>

<li><a href="Arts_University_Plymouth" title="Arts University Plymouth">Arts University Plymouth</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Portsmouth" title="University of Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">Reading</a></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Agricultural_University" title="Royal Agricultural University">Royal Agricultural</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></li>

<li><a href="Southampton_Solent_University" title="Southampton Solent University">Southampton Solent</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Surrey" title="University of Surrey">Surrey</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">Sussex</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_the_West_of_England" title="University of the West of England">UWE Bristol</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Winchester" title="University of Winchester">Winchester</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_universities_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Queen's_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's</a></li>

<li><a href="Ulster_University" title="Ulster University">Ulster</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_universities_in_Scotland" title="List of universities in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li>

<li><a href="Abertay_University" title="Abertay University">Abertay</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Dundee" title="University of Dundee">Dundee</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li>

<li><a href="Edinburgh_Napier_University" title="Edinburgh Napier University">Edinburgh Napier</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li>

<li><a href="Glasgow_Caledonian_University" title="Glasgow Caledonian University">Glasgow Caledonian</a></li>

<li><a href="Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">Highlands and Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Queen_Margaret_University" title="Queen Margaret University">Queen Margaret</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon</a></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Conservatoire_of_Scotland" title="Royal Conservatoire of Scotland">Royal Conservatoire of Scotland</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">St Andrews</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Stirling" title="University of Stirling">Stirling</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_the_West_of_Scotland" title="University of the West of Scotland">West of Scotland</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_universities_in_Wales" title="List of universities in Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aberystwyth_University" title="Aberystwyth University">Aberystwyth</a></li>

<li><a href="Bangor_University" title="Bangor University">Bangor</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardiff_Metropolitan_University" title="Cardiff Metropolitan University">Cardiff Metropolitan</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_South_Wales" title="University of South Wales">South Wales</a></li>

<li><a href="Swansea_University" title="Swansea University">Swansea</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David" title="University of Wales Trinity Saint David">Wales Trinity Saint David</a></li>

<li><a href="Wrexham_University" title="Wrexham University">Wrexham</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_British_overseas_territories" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Overseas territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bermuda_College" title="Bermuda College">Bermuda College</a></li>

<li><a href="Cayman_Islands_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayman Islands Law School">Cayman Islands Law School</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Gibraltar" title="University of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li>

<li><a href="International_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="International College of the Cayman Islands">International College of the Cayman Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Saint_James_School_of_Medicine" title="Saint James School of Medicine">Saint James School of Medicine</a></li>

<li><a href="St._Matthew's_University" title="St. Matthew's University">St. Matthew's University</a></li>

<li><a href="University_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="University College of the Cayman Islands">University College of the Cayman Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Science%2C_Arts_and_Technology" title="University of Science, Arts and Technology">University of Science, Arts and Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_the_West_Indies_Open_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the West Indies Open Campus">University of the West Indies Open Campus</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crown dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_Crown_Dependencies" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Universities in Crown Dependencies</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arden_University" title="Arden University">Arden</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_the_Built_Environment" title="University of the Built Environment">University of the Built Environment</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_London_International_Programmes" class="mw-redirect" title="University of London International Programmes">London International Programmes</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="2010_United_Kingdom_student_protests" title="2010 United Kingdom student protests">2010 United Kingdom student protests</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_UK_universities_by_date_of_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by date of foundation">List by date of foundation</a> <small>(<a href="Ancient_university" title="Ancient university">Ancient</a>; <a href="Third-oldest_university_in_England_debate" title="Third-oldest university in England debate">Third-oldest in England</a>; <a href="Red_brick_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Red brick university">Redbrick</a>; <a href="Plate_glass_university" title="Plate glass university">Plate glass</a>; <a href="Post-1992_university" title="Post-1992 university">Post-1992</a>)</small></li>

<li><a href="List_of_UK_universities_by_endowment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by endowment">List by endowment</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_enrolment" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrolment">List by enrolment</a></li>

<li><a href="Colleges_within_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom">Colleges within universities</a></li>

<li><a href="British_degree_abbreviations" title="British degree abbreviations">Degree abbreviations</a></li>

<li><a href="Medr" title="Medr">Medr</a> <small>(<a href="Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_Wales" title="Higher Education Funding Council for Wales">HEFCW</a>)</small></li>

<li><a href="Office_for_Students" title="Office for Students">Office for Students</a> <small>(<a href="Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_England" title="Higher Education Funding Council for England">HEFCE</a>)</small></li>

<li><a href="Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Rankings</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Funding_Council" title="Scottish Funding Council">Scottish Funding Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Student_loans_and_grants_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom">Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Student_Radio_Association" title="Student Radio Association">Student Radio Association</a></li>

<li><a href="Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television in the United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student unionism in the United Kingdom">Student unionism in the United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Tuition_fees_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tuition fees in the United Kingdom">Tuition fees in the United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="British_undergraduate_degree_classification" title="British undergraduate degree classification">Undergraduate degree classification</a></li>

<li><a href="University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University and College Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Polytechnic_(United_Kingdom)" title="Polytechnic (United Kingdom)">Polytechnic</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_and_colleges_in_South_East_England108" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Universities_and_colleges_in_South_East_England108" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Universities and colleges in <a href="South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">Brighton</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Buckingham" title="University of Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li>

<li><a href="Buckinghamshire_New_University" title="Buckinghamshire New University">Buckinghamshire New</a></li>

<li><a href="Canterbury_Christ_Church_University" title="Canterbury Christ Church University">Canterbury</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Chichester" title="University of Chichester">Chichester</a></li>

<li><a href="University_for_the_Creative_Arts" title="University for the Creative Arts">Creative Arts</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxford_Brookes_University" title="Oxford Brookes University">Oxford Brookes</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Portsmouth" title="University of Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">Reading</a></li>

<li><a href="Solent_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Solent University">Solent</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Surrey" title="University of Surrey">Surrey</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">Sussex</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Winchester" title="University of Winchester">Winchester</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further education colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abingdon_and_Witney_College" title="Abingdon and Witney College">Abingdon & Witney</a></li>

<li><a href="Andover_College_(Hampshire)" title="Andover College (Hampshire)">Andover</a></li>

<li><a href="Ashford_College" title="Ashford College">Ashford</a></li>

<li><a href="Aylesbury_College" title="Aylesbury College">Aylesbury</a></li>

<li><a href="Banbury_and_Bicester_College" title="Banbury and Bicester College">Banbury & Bicester</a></li>

<li><a href="Basingstoke_College_of_Technology" title="Basingstoke College of Technology">Basingstoke</a></li>

<li><a href="Berkshire_College_of_Agriculture" title="Berkshire College of Agriculture">Berkshire</a></li>

<li><a href="Bracknell_and_Wokingham_College" title="Bracknell and Wokingham College">Bracknell & Wokingham</a></li>

<li><a href="Brockenhurst_College" title="Brockenhurst College">Brockenhurst</a></li>

<li><a href="Brooklands_College" title="Brooklands College">Brooklands</a></li>

<li><a href="Canterbury_College%2C_Kent" title="Canterbury College, Kent">Canterbury</a></li>

<li><a href="Crawley_College" title="Crawley College">Crawley College</a></li>

<li><a href="Chichester_College" title="Chichester College">Chichester</a></li>

<li><a href="Eastleigh_College" title="Eastleigh College">Eastleigh</a></li>

<li><a href="East_Surrey_College" title="East Surrey College">East Surrey</a></li>

<li><a href="East_Sussex_College" title="East Sussex College">East Sussex College (Lewes, Newhaven, Eastbourne and Hastings)</a></li>

<li><a href="Fareham_College" title="Fareham College">Fareham</a></li>

<li><a href="Farnborough_College_of_Technology" title="Farnborough College of Technology">Farnborough</a></li>

<li><a href="Guildford_College" title="Guildford College">Guildford</a></li>

<li><a href="Hadlow_College" title="Hadlow College">Hadlow</a></li>

<li><a href="Havant_and_South_Downs_College" title="Havant and South Downs College">Havant and South Downs</a></li>

<li><a href="Haywards_Heath_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Haywards Heath College">Haywards Heath College</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Henley_College_(Henley-on-Thames)" title="The Henley College (Henley-on-Thames)">Henley</a></li>

<li><a href="Highbury_College" title="Highbury College">Highbury</a></li>

<li><a href="Isle_of_Wight_College" title="Isle of Wight College">Isle of Wight</a></li>

<li><a href="Brighton_MET_College" title="Brighton MET College">Brighton MET College</a></li>

<li><a href="MidKent_College" title="MidKent College">MidKent</a></li>

<li><a href="Milton_Keynes_College" title="Milton Keynes College">Milton Keynes</a></li>

<li><a href="Newbury_College_(England)" title="Newbury College (England)">Newbury</a></li>

<li><a href="Northbrook_College" title="Northbrook College">Northbrook College</a></li>

<li><a href="North_East_Surrey_College_Of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="North East Surrey College Of Technology">North East Surrey</a></li>

<li><a href="North_Kent_College" title="North Kent College">North Kent</a></li>

<li><a href="City_of_Oxford_College" title="City of Oxford College">Oxford (City)</a></li>

<li><a href="Plumpton_College" title="Plumpton College">Plumpton</a></li>

<li><a href="Reading_College" title="Reading College">Reading</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruskin_College" title="Ruskin College">Ruskin</a></li>

<li><a href="Southampton_City_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton City College">Southampton</a></li>

<li><a href="Sparsholt_College" title="Sparsholt College">Sparsholt</a></li>

<li><a href="Totton_College" title="Totton College">Totton</a></li>

<li><a href="Windsor_Forest_Colleges_Group" title="Windsor Forest Colleges Group">Windsor Forest</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sixth form colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alton_College" title="Alton College">Alton</a></li>

<li><a href="Barton_Peveril_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Barton Peveril College">Barton Peveril</a></li>

<li><a href="Bexhill_College" title="Bexhill College">Bexhill</a></li>

<li><a href="Brighton_Hove_%26_Sussex_Sixth_Form_College" title="Brighton Hove & Sussex Sixth Form College">Brighton (BHASVIC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Esher_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Esher College">Esher</a></li>

<li><a href="Sixth_Form_College%2C_Farnborough" title="Sixth Form College, Farnborough">Farnborough</a></li>

<li><a href="Farnham_College" title="Farnham College">Farnham</a></li>

<li><a href="Godalming_College" title="Godalming College">Godalming</a></li>

<li><a href="Itchen_College" title="Itchen College">Itchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Symonds_College" title="Peter Symonds College">Peter Symonds</a></li>

<li><a href="Portsmouth_College" title="Portsmouth College">Portsmouth</a></li>

<li><a href="Queen_Mary's_College%2C_Basingstoke" title="Queen Mary's College, Basingstoke">Queen Mary's</a></li>

<li><a href="Reigate_College" title="Reigate College">Reigate</a></li>

<li><a href="The_College_of_Richard_Collyer" class="mw-redirect" title="The College of Richard Collyer">Richard Collyer</a></li>

<li><a href="St_Vincent_College" title="St Vincent College">St Vincent</a></li>

<li><a href="Strode's_College" title="Strode's College">Strode's</a></li>

<li><a href="Taunton's_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Taunton's College">Taunton's</a></li>

<li><a href="Varndean_College" title="Varndean College">Varndean</a></li>

<li><a href="Woking_College" title="Woking College">Woking</a></li>

<li><a href="Worthing_College" title="Worthing College">Worthing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_in_Northern_Ireland525" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Universities_in_Northern_Ireland525" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_universities_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Northern Ireland">Universities</a> in <a href="Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Queen's_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's University Belfast</a> (QUB)</li>

<li><a href="Ulster_University" title="Ulster University">Ulster University</a> (UU)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">QUB university colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="St_Mary's_University_College%2C_Belfast" title="St Mary's University College, Belfast">St Mary's University College</a></li>

<li><a href="Stranmillis_University_College" title="Stranmillis University College">Stranmillis University College</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UU campuses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ulster_University_at_Belfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster University at Belfast">Belfast</a></li>

<li><a href="Ulster_University_at_Coleraine" title="Ulster University at Coleraine">Coleraine</a></li>

<li><a href="Ulster_University_at_Jordanstown" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster University at Jordanstown">Jordanstown</a></li>

<li><a href="Magee_College" title="Magee College">Magee</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<dd><a href="Further_Education_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Further Education College">Further Education Colleges in Northern Ireland</a></dd>

<dd>Universities in <b><a href="List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">UK</a></b>

<dl><dd><a href="List_of_universities_in_England" title="List of universities in England">England</a></dd>

<dd><a href="List_of_universities_in_Scotland" title="List of universities in Scotland">Scotland</a></dd>

<dd><a href="List_of_universities_in_Wales" title="List of universities in Wales">Wales</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><b><a href="List_of_universities_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></b></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="University_Alliance36" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="University_Alliance36" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="University_Alliance" title="University Alliance">University Alliance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">